O/L Science

Grade 10 — Term 1

Aligned with NIE syllabus

This term in the Idasara Academy app has 3 lessons (NIE Units 2, 5, 7). For each lesson, this page gives you the points you must know and one exam-style question with its answer. None of it needs an account.

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Maybe not. The Idasara app groups lessons into its own terms, and your school may teach them in a different order. Where we know a lesson's NIE unit, it is shown on the lesson. Find the unit your class is on, and start there.

Lessons in This Term

Matter, Elements and Compounds

NIE Unit 7

What you must know

  • Periodic table arranged by increasing atomic number
  • Elements in the same group have the same valence electrons → similar properties
  • Matter states: solid (fixed shape/volume), liquid (fixed volume), gas (neither fixed)
  • State changes involve energy exchange — not chemical change

Acids, Bases and the pH Scale

NIE Unit 5

What you must know

  • HCl + NaOH → NaCl + H₂O (key equation)
  • Indicators: litmus (red=acid, blue=alkali), universal indicator, phenolphthalein
  • Stomach acid: pH ~2 (HCl); baking soda: pH ~8–9
  • Strong acids: HCl, H₂SO₄, HNO₃; weak acids: citric, acetic

Plant and Animal Cells

NIE Unit 2

What you must know

  • Cell membrane: selectively permeable; controls entry/exit
  • Plant extras: cell wall (rigidity), chloroplasts (photosynthesis), central vacuole
  • Osmosis: water movement from high → low water potential across semi-permeable membrane
  • Mitosis: 2 identical diploid daughter cells (growth/repair)
  • Meiosis: 4 haploid gametes (reproduction/variation)

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